Maxine: That's him. Well I've just read in the local paper that he's been sent to prison for 18 months.
瑪克辛:就是他。我剛才在本地報紙上讀到新聞,說他被關入獄18個月。
Lynette: What! Oh my god! What for?
萊內特:甚麼!天啊,為甚麼?
Maxine: Well it says that he had been evading taxes. He hadn't declared all his income to the tax authorities.
瑪克辛:報紙說他逃稅。他沒有把所有收入都向稅務當局申報。
Lynette: Well my aunt will be dumbstruck. You'd think a lawyer would be the last person to risk evading taxes, because he knows what the penalties are.
萊內特:姑母一定非常驚訝。一般人都會認為,律師決不會冒險逃稅,因為他們知道逃稅的刑罰。
瑪克辛談到律師逃稅,萊內特說:My aunt will be dumbstruck。
「逃稅」是tax evasion,即違法向稅務當局申報不翔實的收入資料,和tax avoidance不同:tax avoidance是「避稅」,即以法律容許的手段減少納稅,例如:(1) Tax avoidance means finding loopholes in the tax laws(避稅是要在稅務條例之中找尋漏洞)。(2) Charged with tax evasion, he is faced with the grim prospect of imprisonment(他被控逃稅,面臨入獄厄運)。
此外還有tax dodge一詞。Dodge是「規避」,作動詞、名詞都可以,例如:(1) He dodged the question by talking about something else(他規避那個問題,改談其他事情)。(2) He gave his brother a handsome salary as a tax dodge(他給弟弟優厚的薪水,以減少納稅)。Tax dodge可以是合法的,也可以是非法的。
Dumbstruck或作dumbstricken,是to be struck / stricken dumb(被震驚得張口結舌)的意思,作形容詞用。一個同義的動詞是dumbfound,過去式和完成式是dumbfounded,例如:(1) His sudden death dumbfounded all of us(他突然去世,我們都大為震驚)。(2) I was dumbstricken / dumbfounded by her rude behavior(她無禮的舉動,令我張口結舌)。
Dumbstruck / dumbstricken由dumb和strike的完成式sturck / stricken合成,不難明白;dumbfound是不是由dumb和find的完成式found合成?答案是:found是confound(使惶惑)的縮寫。Confound的過去式和完成式都是confounded,所以dumbfound也可以加ed。
明日課文
He was assaulted by two guys in a night club
他在夜總會裡被兩人毆打